Marsh crocodile, locally known as the mugger, has been silently navigating the waters for centuries. However, this ancient predator is now facing an existential threat not from natural predators but from climate change. The marsh crocodile population has seen a staggering decline of 30% to 35% over the past two decades.
The mugger’s plight is a stark reminder of the ravages of climate change. These reptiles, which once thrived in the rivers, lakes, and marshes of Sindh, Balochistan, and parts of Punjab, are now struggling to survive. The key factors contributing to their decline include periodic droughts, torrential rains, warming temperatures, frequent flooding, and habitat fragmentation.
Balochistan’s four coastal rivers – Hingol, Kech, Hub, and Basul – which have historically supported healthy crocodile populations, are now drying up at an alarming rate due to reduced rainfall and increased temperatures. The construction of the Mirani Dam on the Kech River in 2007 has further exacerbated the situation, causing significant habitat loss.
The ecological balance is at stake as the marsh crocodile plays a crucial role in maintaining the natural food chain. By preying on carnivorous fish, particularly those belonging to the catfish family, crocodiles help sustain the population of edible fish. They also contribute to the cleanliness of river waters by feeding on carcasses and other organic waste.
As the numbers dwindle, the need for a fresh survey to determine the actual population of the marsh crocodile becomes more pressing. Ecologists like Attaullah Pandrani emphasize the importance of such a survey, suggesting that the population could be higher than estimated due to captive breeding efforts.
The story of Pakistan’s marsh crocodiles is not just about the survival of a species; it’s about the health of our planet. It’s a call to action for conservation efforts and a reminder that the fate of these creatures is inextricably linked to our own.